structure and function of different organelles

Question

Chapter three of Biol 2401

Answer 1

• Cell nucleus - a membrane-enclosed organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. It contains most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules to form chromosomes.
• Mitochondrion - a membrane-enclosed organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. mitochondria generate most of cells' supply of  (ATP), the body's main source of energy.
• Chloroplast - organelles found in plant cells and eukaryotic algae that conduct photosynthesis.
• Lysosome - organelles that contain digestive enzymes. They digest excess or worn-out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria.
• Vesicle - a relatively small intracellular, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances .
• Golgi apparatus - a eukaryotic organelle that processes and packages macromolecules such as proteins and lipids that are synthesized by the cell.
• Endoplasmic reticulum - an organelle composed of an interconnected network of tubules, vesicles and cisternae.
  • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum - sections of endoplasmic reticulum which are not studded with ribosomes. It is has functions in several metabolic processes, including synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates and calcium concentration, and drug detoxification.
  • Rough endoplasmic reticulum - sections of the endoplasmic reticulum which are studded with protein-manufacturing ribosomes giving it a "rough" appearance (hence its name)
• Peroxisome - ubiquitous organelles in eukaryotes that participate in the metabolism of fatty acids and other metabolites. .
• Vacuole - membrane-bound compartments within some eukaryotic cells that can serve a variety of secretory, excretory, and storage functions.
• Nucleolus - a roughly spherical sub-organelle of the cell nucleus. Its main function is to produce and assemble ribosome components (i.e. RNA and proteins).
• Ribosome - complexes of RNA and protein that are found in all cells. Ribosomes build proteins from the genetic instructions
• Centrosome -  a regulator of cell-cycle progression.